By 1841, the Osceola fad was still in full force and reaching international waters. Catlin was touring the Continent with his Indian gallery, and Andrew Welch, a Charleston doctor, had set himself up in London with "Oceola Nikkanoche," an orphan of the Florida war whom Welch claimed was the nephew of Osceola. For his biography of Nikkanoche's life, published in 1841, Welch commissioned an image of the boy's "uncle" from Day and Haghe, Lithographers to the Queen, Piccadilly, London. Wickman concludes that the artist drew the body from Catlin, the face from McKenney-Hall, and additional details from his own imagination, such as the classical drape and the Plains-Indian buckskin with fringes.

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