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March 1, 2007
Review of this Web site:
Florida's Forgotten Rebels: Rediscovering the most successful slave revolt in American history
John Horse's story feels like an answer to every Hollywood studio's
wish list: a mix of Spartacus, Braveheart, Amistad, and Glory, with
just a pinch of Dances With Wolves. A sweeping tale of a
decades-long struggle against oppression, the movie would show how
Horse and the Black Seminoles created the largest haven for runaway
slaves in the American South, led the biggest slave revolt in U.S.
history, won the only emancipation of rebellious North American
slaves before the Civil War, and formed the largest mass exodus of
slaves in U.S. history.
By Amy Sturgis, Reason Magazine
February 22, 2006
Sarasota County's underground railroad: New documentary unearths Angola
Before Florida was a state, it was home to runaway slaves. The
Underground Railroad and its part in Florida's history has recently
been unearthed in Sarasota County. Diverse groups seeking freedom
from the states and territories with institutionalized slavery
traveled the Underground Railroad south to 'free' Florida. They
established the settlement of Angola which archaeologists believe
spanned from Tampa to Sarasota County. (“Looking for Angola” is
scheduled to air on WEDU, West
Central Florida’s primary PBS station, at 9:30 p.m. Feb. 23, 11:30
p.m. Feb. 24, 1:30 p.m. Feb. 26 and 2:30 p.m. Feb. 28.)
By Shelley Draper, Charlotte Sun-Herald
February 22, 2006
UCF Anthropology Professor Featured in Documentary About Black
Seminoles
Rosalyn Howard, an assistant professor of Anthropology at UCF, will
be featured in the documentary “Looking for Angola,” which profiles
the community of Seminole Indians and former enslaved Africans
believed to be located near Tampa and Sarasota during the 19th
century. “Looking for Angola” is scheduled to air on WEDU, West
Central Florida’s primary PBS station, at 9:30 p.m. Feb. 23, 11:30
p.m. Feb. 24, 1:30 p.m. Feb. 26 and 2:30 p.m. Feb. 28.
University of Central Florida News Office
August 29, 2005
Blood Feud
Once paragons of racial inclusion and assimilation, the Native
American sovereign nations have done an about-face and
systematically pushed out people of African descent. For the better
part of the 20th century, black Indians were permitted to vote in
elections, sit on tribal councils, and receive benefits. Now, in the
wake of lucrative government settlements and solid casino profits,
tribal leaders insist that the Freedmen were never actually citizens
and that they will never attain the honor of membership because they
don't have Native American blood.
By Brendan I. Koerner, Wired
August 1, 2005
Historians want rewrite on slave revolt
A war party burned 21 plantations along the St. Johns River in 1836,
making off with hundreds of slaves and permanently crippling the
North Florida sugar industry. Was the uprising in North Florida the
largest of its kind in U.S. history?
By Thomas Lake, Florida Times-Union
July 27, 2005
Scholars overlooked
largest U.S. slave rebellion for more than 167 years
Since 1838, scholars have overlooked the largest slave rebellion in
U.S. history and their reference works have been wrong, shows a new
historical Web site.
News release
July 21, 2005
Web site chronicles little-known Fla. slave revolt
As President Andrew Jackson sought to push Florida's Indians west
and capture Black Seminoles to return them to slavery, the allies
quietly slipped into Florida's plantations along the St. Johns
River, west of St. Augustine, with a warning: "A war is coming."
By Scott McCabe, The Palm Beach Post
June 29, 2004
Seminole Freedmen rebuffed by Supreme Court
The U.S. Supreme Court on Monday refused to allow the Seminole
Freedmen to sue the federal government without the Seminole Nation's
involvement. The Freedmen are trying to gain access and services
provided by a $56 million settlement awarded to the Seminole Nation.
Indianz.com December 27, 2003
Seminoles With African Ancestry: The Right To Heritage
There has been an ongoing debate among Seminoles with African
ancestry and Seminoles with Native American ancestry regarding the
legitimacy of the "Black Seminoles." The arguments have reached
crisis proportions as families have split long racial lines, Blacks
Seminoles have been voted out of tribal councils and can no longer
fully participate in life as a Seminole and some have even lost
rights altogether in the Seminole nation.
By Bakari Akil II, The Black World Today
August 17, 2003
Blacks with Indian blood seek tribes' recognition
[No link available. Access by registering and searching at
The Oklahoman archives.]
There has been an ongoing debate among Seminoles with African
ancestry and Seminoles with Native American ancestry regarding the
legitimacy of the "Black Seminoles." The arguments have reached
crisis proportions as families have split long racial lines, Blacks
Seminoles have been voted out of tribal councils and can no longer
fully participate in life as a Seminole and some have even lost
rights altogether in the Seminole nation.
By Ron Jackson, The Oklahoman
January 27, 2003
Tracing Bahamian Black Seminoles
University of Central Florida assistant professor Rosalyn Howard
documents the present and past of Black Seminoles who emigrated to
Andros Island in "Black Seminoles in the Bahamas," written after a
year of living with the Black Seminole community in Red Bays.
News release
July 10, 2002
A Nation Divided
Indian tribes across the country are reaping windfall profits these
days, usually from gambling operations. But some, like the Seminole
Nation of Oklahoma, are getting rich from from belated government
payouts for lands taken hundreds of years ago. Now the government is
paying the tribe $56 million for those lost Florida lands, and the
money is threatening to divide a nation.
CBS News, "60 Minutes"
August 20, 2001
Searching for Peliklakaha, land of the forgotten Seminoles
Forty-five minutes west of Walt Disney's make-believe history,
archaeologists dig for real artifacts. Hunched over a shallow,
square excavation, they search for Peliklakaha, the largest Black
Seminole village known to historians, a place where different
cultures joined in a fight for freedom more than 200 years ago.
By Scott McCabe, The Palm Beach Post
June 17, 2001
Florida researchers launch first excavation of Black Seminole town
The first ever excavation of a black Seminole town is under way in
Central Florida and may unearth how the runaway slaves actually
lived within the embattled Seminole Indian nation, says a University
of Florida researcher.
News release |