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Rebellion April - June 1844     
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Washington, D.C. in 1833
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"City of Washington from beyond the Navy Yard," a view of the nation's capital, circa 1833. Engraving by William James Bennett after a paining by G. Cooke. Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, LC-USZC4-480.
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John Horse's first move was to team up with Coacoochee on a delegation to Washington in 1844. Coacoochee traveled on his own initiative -- without a clear mandate from the tribal leadership -- to try and secure separate lands for the Seminoles, where they could live as they had in Florida. John Horse went along as an interpreter and representative of the blacks.*

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Sources: Foreman Five 237, Porter Black 112-3. ©
Part 3, Exile: Outline  l Images

*Out of fear of reprisals, John Horse later denied that he had officially represented the blacks, but the record suggests otherwise.

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 Trail Narrative
 + Prologue
 + Background: 1693-1812
 + Early Years: 1812-1832
 + War: 1832-1838
 - Exile: 1838-1850
+ Shifting Alliances
+ American Justice
spacer spacer Appeals for Help
Assassination
Washington
"The Hero"
Federal Allies
Southern Enemies
Marcellus Duval
Frontier Justice
American Justice
+ A New Frontier
 + Freedom: 1850-1882
 + Legacy & Conclusion