Outline of the Trail Narrative: 1693-1882 - Rebellion

1693 - 1882

Trail Narrative

Trail narrative > Outline

Select a section to review its outline. Each section also has an image outline.

Prologue
Background: 1693-1812
Early Years: 1812-1832
War: 1832-1838
Exile: 1838-1850
Freedom: 1850-1882
Legacy & Conclusion

Prologue (8 story panels)

Background (31 story panels)

Section Overview (1 story panel)
Image Outline: (3 story panels, includes Introduction images)
African Connections: (4 story panels)

Sidetrack: Drake's vision of a 16th-century alliance with rebel slaves
Sidetrack: The mystery of the cimarrons in colonial Virginia

Spanish Influence: (5 story panels)

Sidetrack: Language of the Royal Spanish Edict of 1693
Sidetrack: More from Governor Middleton's report to the Duke of Newcastle

British Reaction: (4 story panels)

Sidetrack: The archeological discovery of Fort Mose in the 1980s
Sidetrack: Why Georgia was founded as an antislavery territory

The Seminoles: (7 story panels)

Sidetrack: Did the ancestors of the Seminoles escape European domination?
Sidetrack: Bartram, the Seminoles, and the Romantics
Sidetrack: Excerpt from Bartram's poetic description of the Seminoles

Revolution: (7 story panels)

Sidetrack: Secret articles of the Treaty of New York
Sidetrack: Excerpts from the slave-catching treaties with the Creeks

Conclusion: (1 story panel)

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Early Years (76 story panels)

Section Overview (1 story panel)
Image Outline: (3 story panels)

World at Birth (18 story panels)

1812: (4 story panels)

Sidetrack: Side-by-side comparison of the two engravings of John Horse, from 1848 and 1858

Seminole Slavery: (5 story panels)

Sidetrack: William Simmons describes a night in a Black Seminole home in 1822

Living Conditions: (2 story panels)

Sidetrack: Was it slavery?

Afro-Indian Culture: (5 story panels)

Encroaching America (34 story panels)

Patriots: (7 story panels)

Sidetrack: Were all the Black Seminoles descendants of fugitive slaves?

Andrew Jackson: (8 story panels)

Sidetrack: Was Jackson a "model" slave owner?
Sidetrack: Context of Jackson's "Model" Behavior

Negro Fort: (9 story panels)

Sidetrack: Text of Jackson's ultimatum to the Spanish governor
Sidetrack: Clinch's first-hand account of the attack
Sidetrack: The U.S. "Spin" on the attack
Sidetrack: The buried history of the attack

First War: (6 story panels)

A New Country (19 story panels)

Annexation: (8 story panels)
Moultrie Creek: (2 story panels)
Slave Raiders: (2 story panels)
Abraham: (2 story panels)
Gopher John: (3 story panels)

Sidetrack: Did Davy Crockett steal this legend?

Peace: (1 story panel)

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War (166 story panels)

Section Overview (1 story panel)
Extended Intro: Historical preface to the Second Seminole War (1 story panel)
Image Outline: (4 story panels)

Prelude to War (27 story panels)

Jackson's Rise: (2 story panels)
Payne's Landing: (1 story panel)
Creek Country: (3 story panels)

Historical Document: Treaty of Payne's Landing
Historical Document: Treaty of Fort Gibson

Seminole Outrage: (3 story panels)

Sidetrack: Did Seminole slaves have a controlling influence over their Indian masters?

Osceola: (7 story panels)

Sidetrack: Did Osceola really plunge a knife into the treaty?
Sidetrack: A factual look at the abolitionists' legend
Sidetrack: Porter's assessment of the legend
Sidetrack: More on Osceola: his name, plus one officer's perspective

Before the Storm: (4 story panels)

Revenge (52 story panels)

War Erupts: (6 story panels)
"Massacre": (5 story panels)

Seminole Perspective: Account of the attack by Halpatter-Tustenuggee or Alligator

Withlacoochee: (5 story panels)
Key Actors: (3 story panels)
Florida: (2 story panels)

Sidetrack: More on Florida in the 1830s

Slave Uprising: (6 story panels)
Army Response: (6 story panels)
National Mood: (4 story panels)

Sidetrack: Ethan Allen Hitchcock, Philosopher-Soldier
Sidetrack: Hitchcock's description of the battle scene

Distractions: (5 story panels)
Seminole Success: (4 story panels)

Deceit (45 story panels)

General Jesup: (2 story panels)

Sidetrack: Longer excerpt and context of Jesup's observation

Jesup's Tactics: (4 story panels)
Hostages: (3 story panels)
The Diplomat: (3 story panels)

Historical Document: Jesup begins to see the challenges to winning the war

Peace: (4 story panels)

Sidetrack: Giddings describes the Articles as a victory for the Black Seminoles

Slaveholders: (4 story panels)

Sidetrack: Major Childs describes the return of a pony to Abraham's son

Betrayal: (2 story panels)
Escape: (2 story panels)
Rage: (4 story panels)

Sidetrack: Context in which Jesup pondered extreme actions
Sidetrack: Jesup suggests concessions to the Indians and blacks
Sidetrack: Jesup defends the use of northern Indians against the Seminoles

White Flags: (6 story panels)

Sidetrack: National and Congressional outrage at the capture
Sidetrack: Did Osceola surrender or was he captured?
Sidetrack: Jesup's defense

Liberty or Death (41 story panels)

Captivity: (4 story panels)
Noble Savages: (2 story panels)

Sidetrack: Coacoochee at the ball

Resistance: (5 story panels)
Liberty or Death: (5 story panels)
Osceola's Death: (4 story panels)

Sidetrack: Eulogy to Osceola from the Niles National Register
Sidetrack: Thomas Storrow's beautiful 1844 eulogy to Osceola

Star of the Nation: (4 story panels)

Sidetrack: Jesup's first letter recommending a concession to the Seminoles

Jesup's Proclamation: (4 story panels)
The Decision: (5 story panels)
Post-Script: (3 story panels)
Deportation: (1 story panel)

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Exile Overview (100 story panels)

Section Overview (1 story panel)
Image Outline: (3 story panels)

Shifting Alliances (36 story panels)

Enemy to Ally: (5 story panels)

Sidetrack: Had John Horse sold out?
Sidetrack: Complete excerpts from two speeches by Coacoochee

Atrocities: (2 story panels)

Sidetracks: Cartoon history of the bloodhounds: (5 story panels)

National Debate: (4 story panels)
Prosperity: (2 story panels)

Sidetrack: McCall describes 'Gopher John' circa 1842, interpreter, fisherman, chef
Sidetrack: The 'Gopher' tells McCall a story about his dog 'Fuse'
Sidetrack: Description of John Horse in U.S. Army lore

Emigration: (3 story panels)
Creek Tensions: (5 story panels)

Sidetrack: Black Seminoles accused of aiding the "Cherokee slave revolt"
Sidetrack: Creek slave codes

Endangered Alliance: (3 story panels)

American Justice (38 story panels)

Appeals for Help: (6 story panels)

Sidetrack: Excerpt from Jesup's letter to the Secretary of War and President Tyler
Sidetrack: Giddings and Foreman analyze the hidden issue behind the treaty
Sidetrack: Complete text of the 1845 treaty

Assassination: (2 story panels)

Sidetrack: Note on sources, plus John Horse's assessment of the attack

Washington: (5 story panels)
"The Hero": (4 story panels)
Federal Allies (5 story panels)
Southern Enemies: (2 story panels)
Marcellus Duval: (4 story panels)
Frontier Justice: (2 story panels)
American Justice: (4 story panels)

A New Frontier (22 story panels)

Dark Prospects: (6 story panels)

Sidetrack: Hadn't the U.S. Army granted legal freedom to John Horse and his family?

Wewoka: (2 story panels)
New Frontier: (3 story panels)
Flight: (6 story panels)

Sidetrack: Complete excerpt from Cora Montgomery's description

Cross to Freedom: (3 story panels)
Conclusion: (1 story panel)

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Freedom Overview (80 story panels)

Section Overview (1 story panel)
Image Outline: (3 story panels)

Cost of Freedom (30 story panels)

Arrival: (2 story panels)
Second Exodus: (5 story panels)

Sidetrack: Fort Smith Herald report on Coacoochee's 1850 visit to Indian Territory

Comanches: (5 story panels)

Sidetrack: Captain Marcy's analysis of the Comanche attacks
Sidetrack: Texan efforts to gain extradition of fugitive slaves in Mexico'

Border Etiquette: (3 story panels)
Filibusters: (3 story panels)
Duval's Desserts: (1 story panel)
Indian Killers: (3 story panels)
End of an Era: (4 story panels)

Liberty Foretold (24 story panels)

Renown in Exile: (3 story panels)

Sidetrack: Giddings and the Black Abolitionists
Sidetrack: Atlantic Monthly review of Exiles, September 1858
Sidetrack: Ad for Exiles
Sidetrack: More on the book�s style, bias, and vision
Sidetrack: The Exiles of Florida, complete digital text

The War Power: (4 story panels)
Emancipation: (3 story panels)
Lincoln's Choice: (3 story panels)
Black Militants (5 story panels)

Sidetrack: Conventional scholarly wisdom on American slave revolts

Liberty Found (26 story panels)

Los Mascogos: (4 story panels)
Scouts: (10 story panels)

Sidetrack: See other online resources on the history of the scouts

Fort Clark: (7 story panels)
Homeland: (4 story panels)

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Legacy & Conclusion (2 long pages)

Legacy (1 page)
Conclusion: (1 page)

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